Introduction of Biomedical Textile
The design of a biomedical textile is driven by its end function. The main factors include:
Biodegradable Textiles :
The textile needs to fulfil the purpose for which it was designed, for example swabs require an absorbent textile, sutures may require a biodegradable textile, while hospital bedding should be comfortable and durable.
Biocompatibility:
This refers to the reaction of the textile with blood and tissue in the body. An implantable device has more potential for reaction than an external device and is, therefore, subject to tighter regulations. For example an artificial ligament is permanent and is able to react with blood cells and the surrounding tissue, compared to an external bandage that is temporary and only contacts the outer skin tissue.
Cost:
This will depend on the raw materials, manufacturing process and product end-use; surgeons’ gowns and swabs should have a low production cost while vascular grafts and artificial skin will have a relatively high production cost.
Product approval:
Each country has its own regulations and standards for medical textiles. However the European Union has introduced Community Legislation to govern medical devices. The three directives are: Active Implantable Medical Devices, Medical Devices Directive and In-Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices.
Biomedical Textile Products
Biomedical textiles are textile products and constructions, for medical and biological applications. They are used for first aid, clinical or hygienic purposes. Examples of their application are:
Biomedical Textile Products
Biomedical textiles are textile products and constructions, for medical and biological applications. They are used for first aid, clinical or hygienic purposes. Examples of their application are:
Protective and healthcare textiles
Surgeons' wear, Operating drapes and Staff uniforms, etc.
External devices
Wound dressings, bandages, pressure garments, prosthetic socks, etc.
Implantable materials
Sutures, vascular grafts, artificial ligaments, etc.
Hygiene products
Incontinence pads, nappies, tampons, sanitary towels, etc.
Extracorporeal devices
Artificial liver, artificial kidney, artificial lung, etc.
Application of Biomedical Textiles
Since the 1960s, biomedical textiles have been used in cardiovascular medical devices, such as vascular grafts and heart valve sewing cuffs. However, the current wave of innovation is looking far beyond traditional materials and textile structures to enhance capabilities and performance in the repair of damaged or diseased cardiovascular tissue. In fact, the advent of new fabrics and geometries with greater variability of properties and performance characteristics, including the combination of resorbable and nonresorbable polymers, has enabled design developments previously unimagined.
Textiles in Transportation | Application of Transportation Textiles
Transportation Textile:
Transportation is the largest user of technical textiles. It is about 23% of the total technical textiles market. However, in India its share is 7 % in technical textiles market. Textiles provide a means of decoration and a warm soft touch to surfaces that are necessary features for human well being and comfort, but textiles are also essential components of the more functional parts of all road vehicles, trains, aircraft and sea vessels.
Textiles in transportation are classed as technical because of the very high performance specifications and special properties required. Seat coverings, for example, are not easily removable for cleaning and indeed in automobiles they are fixed in place and must last the lifetime of the car without ever being put in a washing machine. In trains, aircraft and passenger vessels they are exposed to much more rigorous use than domestic furniture. In addition they have to withstand much higher exposure to daylight and damaging ultraviolet radiation (UV) and because they are for public use they must satisfy stringent safety requirements such as flame retardancy.
In more functional applications, textiles are used in articles as diverse as tyres, heater hoses, battery separators, brake and clutch linings, air filters, parts of the suspension, gears, drive belts, gaskets and crash helmets. They are present in all forms of transport and, apart from tyres, are in applications of which the non-technical person is not even aware.
Fiber Requirements in Transportation Textile:
For seat coverings the main technical requirements are resistance to sunlight (bothcolour fading and fabric degradation by UV), abrasion resistance1–5 and, for publictransport vehicles, reduced flammability. Seats frequently get damp from contact with wet clothing and, in the case of seats in public transport, subject to abuse by vandals and other irresponsible individuals. The fabrics need to be resistant to mildew, hard wearing and strong with high tear strength. Soil resistance and easy cleanability are also necessary. Composite materials are widely used transportation textile.
Resistance to Sunlight and UV Degradation:
Resistance to sunlight is perhaps the most important property a fabric must have. Choice of the wrong fabric can lead to breakdown of the seat cover within weeks, depending on the intensity and spectral distribution of the sunlight. Spectraldistribution of sunlight varies with geographical location, cloud cover and even the time of day.
Abrasion Resistance:
Seating fabric needs to be of the highest standard of abrasion resistance.Only polyester, nylon and polypropylene are generally acceptable, although wool is used in some more expensive vehicles because of its aesthetics and comfort.Wool has other specialist properties such as non-melting and reduced flammability which, as will be seen, make it suitable for aircraft seats. Fabric abrasion is influenced by yarn thickness, texture, cross-section and whether spun or continuous filament.
Reduced Flammability:
Reduced flammability testing has become much more sophisticated as the mechanisms of fire disasters and the causes of fatalities are analysed.Thus it is now important to test for toxicity of smoke generated and its effect on visibility as well as for ignitability and rate of propagation. Heat generated has also been identified as important and tests have been developed to measure this.Testing of whole assemblies such as seats is now carried out in addition to testing of theindividual components.
Applications of Transportation Textiles:
Visible components: upholstery, carpets, seat belts, headliners etc.
Concealed components: tyre cords, hoses, belts, airbags, air and fuel filters, noise and vibration dampening and body panel reinforcement in composites etc.
Textiles in transportation are classed as technical because of the very high performance specifications and special properties required. Seat coverings, for example, are not easily removable for cleaning and indeed in automobiles they are fixed in place and must last the lifetime of the car without ever being put in a washing machine. In trains, aircraft and passenger vessels they are exposed to much more rigorous use than domestic furniture. In addition they have to withstand much higher exposure to daylight and damaging ultraviolet radiation (UV) and because they are for public use they must satisfy stringent safety requirements such as flame retardancy.
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| Textiles in Car |
Fiber Requirements in Transportation Textile:
For seat coverings the main technical requirements are resistance to sunlight (bothcolour fading and fabric degradation by UV), abrasion resistance1–5 and, for publictransport vehicles, reduced flammability. Seats frequently get damp from contact with wet clothing and, in the case of seats in public transport, subject to abuse by vandals and other irresponsible individuals. The fabrics need to be resistant to mildew, hard wearing and strong with high tear strength. Soil resistance and easy cleanability are also necessary. Composite materials are widely used transportation textile.
Resistance to Sunlight and UV Degradation:
Resistance to sunlight is perhaps the most important property a fabric must have. Choice of the wrong fabric can lead to breakdown of the seat cover within weeks, depending on the intensity and spectral distribution of the sunlight. Spectraldistribution of sunlight varies with geographical location, cloud cover and even the time of day.
Abrasion Resistance:
Seating fabric needs to be of the highest standard of abrasion resistance.Only polyester, nylon and polypropylene are generally acceptable, although wool is used in some more expensive vehicles because of its aesthetics and comfort.Wool has other specialist properties such as non-melting and reduced flammability which, as will be seen, make it suitable for aircraft seats. Fabric abrasion is influenced by yarn thickness, texture, cross-section and whether spun or continuous filament.
Reduced Flammability:
Reduced flammability testing has become much more sophisticated as the mechanisms of fire disasters and the causes of fatalities are analysed.Thus it is now important to test for toxicity of smoke generated and its effect on visibility as well as for ignitability and rate of propagation. Heat generated has also been identified as important and tests have been developed to measure this.Testing of whole assemblies such as seats is now carried out in addition to testing of theindividual components.
Applications of Transportation Textiles:
- Upholstery, car interior, carpets
- Tires, car elements, filters,
- Heat, cable & sound insulation,
- Safety systems - airbags, seat belts
- Protective covers for land crafts, boats, aircrafts
- Sailcloth, inflatable boats
- Envelopes of balloons
- Special equipment for military vehicles,
- Usage in railway
Visible components: upholstery, carpets, seat belts, headliners etc.
Concealed components: tyre cords, hoses, belts, airbags, air and fuel filters, noise and vibration dampening and body panel reinforcement in composites etc.
Branch of Technical Textile | Technical Textile Composition by Area | Fiber Consumption of Technical Textile
Technical Textile:
Branches of Technical Textile:
Technical textiles are defined as textile material and products used primarily for their technical performance and functional properties rather than their aesthetic or decorative purpose. There are twelve classes of technical textiles.
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| Technical textile |
- Agro textile (Agriculture, Horticulture and Forestry)
- Clothtech (Shoes and Clothing)
- Buildtech (Building and Construction)
- Geotech (Geotextile, Civil Engineering)
- Hometech (Furniture, Upholstery, House hold textile etc.)
- Indutech (Filtration and Other industrial uses)
- Meditech (Medical textile, Bio medical textile, Hygienic, Health)
- Mobitech (Automobiles, Railway and Aerospace Textile)
- Oekotech (Environmental Protection Textile)
- Packtech (Packaging)
- Protech (Person and Property Protection)
- Sportstech (Sports and Leisure wear)
- USA →→→→23%
- Western Europe →→→→22%
- China →→→→13%
- Japan →→→→7%
- India →→→→3%
- Rest of the World →→→→32%
- Polyester →→→→25%
- Polyolefin →→→→25%
- Glass →→→→15%
- Jute, Coir →→→→14%
- Cotton →→→→7%
- Viscose →→→→3%
- Other cellulosic fiber →→→→3%
- Polyamide →→→→7%
- Aramid, Carbon and Others →→→→ 1%
Thanks for sharing such valuable information! This content does a great job highlighting the importance of proper testing and careful evaluation. If anyone is interested in learning more about biocompatibility testing for medical devices, I highly recommend checking it out.
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